PSG has now won the prestigious trophy on fourteen different times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck two times in the closing moments to seize a shock advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial equaliser in the final moments to force the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 shootout win.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the past thirteen seasons.